俄罗斯联邦外交部长谢尔盖•拉夫罗夫就东亚峰会结果召开记者会，金边，2022年11月13日

下午好，

第17届东亚峰会已经落下帷幕。大多数国家都派出了最高级别的代表出席会议，一些国家则派出了部长和特别代表参加会议。

这次讨论证实了我们对该地区长期以来所展开进程的分析。几十年来，亚太地区在东盟提出一系列倡议的基础上不断发展，围绕这些倡议形成了一个包容、开放和平等的安全与合作架构。

现在，美国及其盟国，以及北大西洋联盟正试图“征服”这一地区。不久前，他们提出了“印度洋-太平洋战略”的概念，其中所推行的模式绝不是对所有愿意参与的人开放。此外，这些模式与围绕东盟建立的包容性组织相竞争，并涉及将该地区军事化，其目的明显是为了遏制中国和俄罗斯在亚太地区的利益。每个人都清楚这一点。这条路线的一个具体例子是建立了奥库斯（AUKUS）军事集团（美国、澳大利亚、英国），目前正试图积极引诱新西兰、加拿大和日本加入该集团，并推进一系列秘密的海上监视计划。明白这一点的人将此与西方在南海采取对抗行动的“必要性”直接联系在一起。

我们的中国朋友对此心知肚明。我们同他们一起捍卫保持围绕东盟所创建模式、尊重东盟在其周边地区当前进程中发挥核心作用的合理性和必要性。

西方有自己的计划。这一点今天已经说得很清楚了。所有人都在口头上承认东盟的作用。但事实上，他们绝不偏离自己的路线，推进对抗机制和手段。北约已经不再声称自己是一个纯粹的防御性联盟。苏联和华沙条约组织存在的时候就是这样。北约已经多次将他们的“防线”（现在既没有华沙条约，也没有苏联——不清楚他们在防御谁）靠近我国边境。今年夏天在马德里举行的北约峰会上，他们宣布自己承担着“全球责任”，欧洲-大西洋和印度洋-太平洋地区的安全是不可分割的。西方人声称，他们将在这里发挥主导作用。“防线”也已经在向南海移动。通过将美国的盟友澳大利亚、新西兰和日本的努力与北约在亚太地区的扩张相结合，该地区出现了军事化的趋势。

我们坦率地讲述了这一切。中国总理李克强阐述了他与我们一致的评估。遗憾的是，这不太可能促使美国及其盟友考虑该地区大多数国家的利益。我们将继续传达我们在东盟内部得到理解的立场。目前，东盟内部对如何在该地区的安全领域采取进一步行动还没有达成共识。如果美国人的既定任务是要在东盟的队伍中散播怀疑并试图破坏其凝聚力，那么他们正在达到自己的目的。尽管如此，该联盟的大多数成员国都采取了捍卫自身利益的立场。也就是说，东盟的行动不遵从区域外参与者的利益。我们的合作伙伴高度赞赏俄罗斯和中国支持维护该联盟核心作用的立场。

在阐述了原则性评估后，我们强调，我们的优先事项显然不是进行争论性的讨论，而是在东亚峰会框架内推动具体的合作项目。在两年前的那次峰会上，通过了俄罗斯提出的一项发展抗击疫情大流行威胁的合作项目。实际上，这一决定尚未开始实施。今天，我们重申了就这一问题召开东亚峰会所有国家相关代表会议的必要性。

我们再次重申了我们早些时候在东亚峰会活动中提出的促进世界这一地区旅游业的倡议，该倡议对东盟各国在后疫情时代的经济复苏具有重大意义。

今天，俄罗斯的另一项倡议也得到了支持，即发展志愿者运动。在东亚峰会各成员国的志愿者组织之间建立联系，作为对民间社会参与促进人道主义接触任务的贡献。

本次峰会没有做出任何集体决定，因为美国及其西方同行坚持对乌克兰及其周边地区的局势使用完全不可接受的语言。我所说的一切，包括进一步合作的领域，将反映在轮职主席国柬埔寨以其名义发表的公报中。

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Bilateral relations

RUSSIAN-CAMBODIAN RELATIONS

Diplomatic relations with Cambodia were established on May 13, 1956. In December 1991, Cambodia recognised the Russian Federation as the USSR's legal successor. Later, Russia took an active part in efforts to unblock the Cambodian conflict, prepare and sign the Paris Peace Agreements (October 1991) and carry out the UN peacekeeping operation (1991−1993).

In 1995, the Joint Declaration on the Foundations of Friendly Relations, intergovernmental agreements on trade and economic ties and cultural and scientific cooperation, and a protocol on consultations between the foreign ministries were signed.

The two countries maintain regular political dialogue, including at the highest level. In November 2015, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev visited Cambodia. In May 2016, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen paid a return working visit to Russia. A package of bilateral agreements was signed that related to air service, and culture, healthcare, investment and information exchanges, peaceful nuclear energy projects, curbing financial support to terrorism, military-technical cooperation, as well as interdepartmental agreements with the Russian Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Communications, Foreign Ministry and Interior Ministry, the Prosecutor General's Office, and a cooperation agreement between the national Olympic committees. Work is under way to inventory the legal foundations of Russian-Cambodian relations with regard to the bilateral agreements signed in 1956−1991.

Contacts between ministries and departments are gathering momentum. In 2015, deputy prime ministers, the Foreign Minister and the Interior Minister of Cambodia visited Russia, followed by visits from Cambodia's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence in 2016. The Russian and Cambodian foreign ministers held talks in Moscow in March 2015, October 2016 and August 2017.

Inter-parliamentary ties are growing deeper. In March 2016, a delegation from the Russian Federation Council under First Deputy Chair Nikolai Fedotov visited Cambodia. The Federation Council and the Senate of Cambodia signed an agreement on closer inter-parliamentary cooperation. In April 2016, a delegation from the National Assembly of Cambodia (NA) under NA President Heng Samrin visited Moscow.

In 1997, the Russian-Cambodian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (RCIC) was set up. RCIC held its tenth session in Moscow in August 2017.

In 2016, trade turnover between Russia and Cambodia hit $144.1 million (up 30.2 percent from 2015). Russian exports totalled $7.8 million (up 73.3 percent), imports – $136.3 million (up 28.3 percent). Machinery, equipment and transport vehicles account for the bulk of Russian exports (76 percent); other exports include food products and agricultural raw materials (7.8 percent), chemical products (3 percent). Imports – textiles (94.8 percent); machinery, equipment and transport vehicles (2.9 percent); food products and agricultural raw materials (1.1 percent).

Security and defence cooperation is being developed. In April 2016, a Russian Pacific Fleet squadron headed by the Admiral Vinogradov anti-submarine destroyer visited the Cambodian seaport of Sihanoukville.

Humanitarian ties have also been expanding. Eighty citizens of Cambodia are currently studying at Russian universities as part of state-funded federal education programmes. Prospects for broader interuniversity exchanges are being considered. In January 2013, a memorandum of cooperation was signed between the Russian Institute of Oriental Studies and the Royal Academy of Cambodia. In April 2016, the Moscow Technological University and the Phnom Penh Institute of Technology signed a cooperation agreement.

In October 2016, Days of Russian Culture were held in Phnom Penh as part of ceremonies marking the 60^th anniversary of the establishment of Russian-Cambodian diplomatic relations, followed by Days of Russian Cinema in December 2016.

The Russian Centre of Science and Culture in Phnom Penh regularly hosts cultural and educational events.

In 2015−2016, the annual number of Russian tourists visiting Cambodia stood at around 50,000 (compared with more than 108,000 in 2014).

THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

General information; This Southeast Asian state is situated in the south of the Indochinese Peninsula. It borders on Thailand, Laos and Vietnam and also the Gulf of Siam. Area – 181,035 square kilometres. Climate – tropical, monsoon. Two seasons – rainy (June−October) and dry (November−May). Population – 15.9 million, including Khmer (around 90 percent), Vietnamese (5 percent), Chinese (2 percent), and Chams, the mountain minorities. Official language – Khmer. State religion – Buddhism. Minority religions – Islam, Taoism, Christianity. Capital – Phnom Penh (1.7 million residents). Administrative divisions: 24 provinces and one direct-controlled municipality (Phnom Penh). National holiday – Independence Day (November 9), celebrates the end of French protectorate (1863−1953). National currency unit – riel (4,000 riels ≈ $1).

Political system: Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy. Head of state – the King (since October 2004 – Norodom Sihamoni). Supreme legislative body – the bicameral parliament. Upper house –Senate (61 seats). The President of the Senate (currently Say Chhum) takes over as acting Head of State in the absence of the King. Lower house – the National Assembly (123 seats). Highest executive body – the Cabinet of Ministers headed by Prime Minister Hun Sen. Highest judicial authority – the Supreme Court. General control over justice is exercised by the Supreme Council of Magistracy (Chairperson – the King). The last election to the National Assembly was on July 28, 2013. The Cambodian People's Party received a majority and formed a new government. The municipal elections held on June 4, 2017 again put the ruling People's Party in the majority. The next parliamentary election is scheduled for July 2018.

Economy: In 2016, the GDP growth rate was 7.1 percent. Total GDP – $19.8 billion. Gold and currency reserves are estimated at $8.4 billion. Per capita income – $1,300. Inflation – 1.9 percent. Mineral deposits: iron ore, gold, gem stones, copper, tin, manganese, bauxite. Significant reserves of hydrocarbons have been discovered on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Siam. Agriculture is the most important economic sector (26.7 per cent of GDP) accounting for over 40 percent of the able-bodied population. Main food crop – rice, main technical crop – hevea. Other crops: maize, sweet potatoes, soybean, groundnuts, oil palm, spices. Key animal farming trend – cattle and pig breeding. Industrial production (29.8 percent of GDP) is represented mostly by garment manufacturers. The country is developing hydro-electric power generation. The growth of the service sector (main economic branch – 43.5 percent of GDP) is driven by the increasing influx of tourists. In 2016, Cambodia had 5 million tourists (total revenue – $3.4 billion). Main seaport – Sihanoukville, main river port – Phnom Penh. There are 12 airports, including 3 international airports – in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville. Cambodia has direct flights to Vietnam, Qatar, China, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan and the Philippines. In 2016, foreign trade totaled $22.3 billion (exports – $10 billion, imports – $12.3 billion). Chief exports: clothes, rubber, seafood, rice. Imports are dominated by oil products, automotive and electric equipment, construction materials, tobacco, alcohol. Main trade partners – ASEAN member states, the United States, the European Union, China, Japan, South Korea.

Foreign policy. Cambodia has been a UN member state since 1955. It has diplomatic relations with 42 countries as well as the EU and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Diplomatic priority – expanding the country's involvement in integration processes in the Asia-Pacific Region. In 1995, Cambodia signed the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone. An ASEAN member state since 1999. In 2003, Cambodia entered the World Trade Organisation (WTO). In 2015, it received dialogue partner status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). In 2016, Phnom Penh singed a memorandum of understanding with the Eurasian Economic Commission. China is Cambodia's key strategic partner. Relations with Vietnam and Laos are also making good progress. The country is expanding its relations with Japan, South Korea, Russia, France and Germany.